A Procrustean Bed的词源

英文词源

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lodgeyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
lodge: [13] The distant ancestor of lodge was Germanic *laubja ‘shelter’, which may well have been a derivative of *laubam ‘leaf’ (source of English leaf) – the underlying idea being of a sheltered place formed by or constructed from leafy branches. German laube ‘summer-house, covered way’ comes from the same source. Medieval Latin took over the Germanic form as laubia or lobia (from which English gets lobby [16]), and passed it on via Old French loge to English in the form lodge.
=> leaf, lobby

中文词源

A Procrustean Bed(强求一致):普罗克汝斯忒斯的铁床

A Procrustean Bed,直译是“普罗克汝斯忒斯的床”,源自古希腊神话的典故。

在雅典国家奠基者(Theseus)的传说中,从墨加拉到雅典途中有个非常残暴的强盗,叫达玛斯忒斯,绰号普罗克汝斯忒斯。希腊语 Procrustes 的意思是“拉长者”、“暴虐者”。据公元前1世纪古希腊历史学家狄奥多(Diodoros,约公元前80-前29年)所编《历史丛书》记述:普罗克汝斯忒斯开设黑店,拦截过路行人。他特意设置了两张铁床,一长一短,强迫旅店躺在铁床上,身矮者睡长床,强拉其躯体使与床齐;身高者睡短床,他用利斧把旅客伸出来的腿脚截短。由于他这种特殊的残暴方式,人们称之为“铁床匪”。后来,希腊著名英雄提修斯在前往雅典寻父途中,遇上了“铁床匪”,击败了这个拦路大盗。提修斯以其人之道还治其人之身,强令身体魁梧的普罗克汝斯忒斯躺在短床上,一刀砍掉“铁床匪”伸出床外的下半肢,除了这一祸害。

由此,在英语中遗留下来a Procrustean bed这个成语,亦做the Procrustes' bed或the bed of Procrustes,常用以表示an arrangement or plan that produces uniformity by violent and arbitrary measures之意。按其形象意义,这个成语与汉语成语“削足适履”、“截趾穿鞋”颇为相同;也类似俗语“使穿小鞋”、“强求一致”的说法。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:A Procrustean Bed 词源,A Procrustean Bed 含义。